. . . . . . . . . . The North Macedonian language | Macedonia language

Macedonia language nowadays

Macedonian is a language spoken mainly in northern Macedonia. It serves as the official language in Northern Macedonia. Macedonian language is counted among the East South Slavic languages. The Macedonian language is spoken by just over one and a half million people. The number of people who claim to speak this language decreases slightly every year.

Counting to 10 in Macedonian language

Numbers	Bulgarian	Bulgarian transcription	Macedonian	Macedonia language, transcription	Differences
1	едно	edno	еден	eden	last two letters
2	dve	dve	два	dva	a – at the end
3	три	tri	три	tri	no difference
4	четири	chetiri	четири	chetiri	no difference
5	пет	pet	пет	pet	no difference
6	шест	schest	шест	schest	no difference
7	седем	sedem	седум	sedum	‘u’ instead of ‘e
8	осем	osem	осум	osum	‘u’ instead of ‘e
9	девет	devet	девет	devet	no difference
10	десет	deset	десет	deset	no difference
11	единадесет	edinadeset	единаесет	edinaeset	one ‘d’ missing
12	дванадесет	dvanadeset	дванаесет	dvanaeset	one ‘d’ missing
20	двадесет	dvadeset	дваесет	dvaeset	one ‘d’ missing
100	сто	sto	сто	sto	no difference
200	двеста	dvesta	двеста	dvesta	no difference
1.000	хиляда	hiliada	илјада	iliada	one ‘h’ is missing
10.000	десет хиляди	deset hiliadi	десет илјади	deset iliadi	one ‘h’ is missing
100.000	сто хиляди	sto hiliadi	сто илјади	sto iliadi	one ‘h’ is missing
1.000.000	един милион	edin milion	еден милион	eden milion	the last two letters of 1

Emergence of the literary Macedonian language

The emergence of the so-called Macedonian language in 1944 has nothing to do with science, but was a certain political act aimed at dividing the Bulgarian language into two parts. The invention of the Macedonian language is a form of Serbization of the Bulgarian language in the geographical area of Macedonia, which has been going on since the end of the last century until today. In 1887, Serbia began to replace the Bulgarian national consciousness with the Serbian national consciousness by temporarily creating a Macedonian identity. In a separate program, the use of the Macedonian dialect without the Bulgarian article and with increasing mixing with the Serbian language was mentioned as a separate issue.

† Macedonia language †

The Macedonian language as a solution to the Russian geostrategic knot in the Balkans.

In the 20th century, a linguistic separation (glototomy) was made for political, not linguistic reasons. Those who did not accept this division were considered nationalists and treated accordingly. In the field of politics, the aim was to draw new political boundaries through linguistic separation in order to eliminate the sense of former common belonging to a single entity. The strategies for creating such new languages (e.g. Macedonian) were developed in the communist territories according to the same principles explained in the following:

A scholar (or a collective of scholars) publishes spelling, grammar, dictionaries, bilingual dictionaries (but never from the old language to the new language). Soon a historical grammar, a history of the language and a history of the new nation will be printed. The Academy of Sciences, the National Theater and a national folklore ensemble are founded. At the same time, a national literature emerges and the first artist of one or another genre is immediately declared a great playwright, novelist or lyricist of the new language. All this, in turn, requires a literary historiography. The political accompaniment is the phrase, typical of communist countries, that the new Macedonian language is “a highly developed step in the service of the whole culture”.

And the direction of development is determined by the unspoken statement “the worse the old language is treated, the better for the new”. The artificial distance to the old language deepens more and more.

All this literally applied to the (literary) Macedonian language. It was initiated in 1944 in the monastery of Prohor Pcinski. Until 1944, “Macedonian” was an adjective referring to the region of Macedonia. Since after 1944 it was not clear whether the use of the word “Macedonian” referred to the language or the territory, a conceptual confusion arose or it was brought about quite deliberately, which proved to be conducive to the establishment of the myths of the Macedonian nation. The impression was given that this language has been the language of the “country” of Macedonia almost since time immemorial. Alexander the Great was Macedonian, Cyril and Methodius were Macedonians. However, all this had nothing to do with the Macedonian literary language of Mr. Blaze Koneski.

As a result of the new Macedonian language, the former Bulgarian officially ceased to exist, i.e. became a foreign language, the glossonym and ethnonym Bulgarian also disappeared. The Belgrade mentors and their helpers from Skopje imposed Macedonism as an ideological current of Serbianism in science and linguistics.

† Macedonia language †

Macedonian language, forgeries committed by Yugoslav philologists to conceal or distort the truth

For a few days in 1944, a “literary Macedonian language was created” in Skopje, in a specific place, on a specific date, and by decree. The Bulgarian region, which gave the world Cyril and Methodius, Clement and Naum, the creators of the Old Bulgarian and Slavic scripts and the founders of the third international literary language in medieval Eeropa, after eleven centuries of cultural flourishing, suddenly found itself in the position of a region without history, for which the elaboration of a literary language and alphabet was necessary. During the Renaissance, almost all writers from the Macedonian region openly displayed their Bulgarian linguistic identity. Paisii called his book “Istoriya Slavyanobolgarskaya”.

In it, he clearly linked the concepts of clan – nation – fatherland – doctrine – custom with language and designed a whole national program. The books of Neofit Rilski “Bulgarian Grammar” (Kragujevac, 1835), “Great Bulgarian Reading Book” (1868), “Collection of Bulgarian Folk Thoughts” (1891 – 1894) also refer to this.

The entire history of the Bulgarian language – old and new – was confiscated and distorted and replaced by the new Macedonian language. Illustrative in this respect is the work of Blaže Koneski “Istoriјa na makedonskiot jazik” (Skopje and Belgrade, 1965), which analyzes the same linguistic material and linguistic monuments already analyzed by K. Mirchev in his “Historical Grammar of the Bulgarian Language” (Sofia, 1958), and which repeats – often literally, but of course under a different name – all the basic premises of the great Bulgarian scholar.

Also, the archive documents were not published in authentic form. The letters of the prominent revolutionary G. Delchev were published by L. Lape (“Letters of Gotse Delchev”, Skopje, 1953) not in the language in which they were written (Bulgarian literary language). This violates the principle in archival science of preserving the authenticity of the material. The younger generation in Macedonia and abroad, who wanted to know the truth, could not reach the primary sources themselves. Science in Skopje was afraid of them and replaced them with falsifications.

To create the Macedonian language, the Bulgarian dialectology was distorted

Philologists in Belgrade and Skopje had to confirm the idea of independence of Macedonian dialects from Bulgarian dialects. It was necessary to invent a Macedonian identity and to delineate a “Macedonian linguistic area” distinct from the Bulgarian one. This was almost impossible, because world science had long ago pointed out the Bulgarian character of the dialects in Macedonia. Renaming the Bulgarian dialects in Macedonia to “Macedonian dialects” alone cannot change the character of the language.

As a social phenomenon, it has slowly evolved over centuries (in this case, more than 13 centuries), preserving its essence and specificity. After the creation of SR Macedonia, the Bulgarian languages of this region did not acquire any other phonetic, morphological or syntactic structure. Contamination of the language with foreign languages (mostly Serbisms) takes place mainly in the lexical sphere and especially in the written form.

Macedonia language , The crudest falsification

The grossest falsification is the attempt to present the written regional form in Macedonia as “Macedonian language”. The Skopje standard has a regional character because it is the official standard only for one region of the geographical area of Macedonia, i.e. only for the Vardar partition. Unlike the natural and normal languages of the civilized world this norm was artificially created by the political order. The other two parts, the Pirin and the Belomor, have no relation to it.

While until 1913, for almost a century, the Bulgarian written language (despite slavery) was the school, literary and printed language of the three sub-regions, the scopic norm has not been stabilized to this day, not even in the Vardar part, as evidenced by the continuing linguistic chaos. It was hastily drafted – in a matter of days – by a dozen not-so-enlightened teachers and public figures, and is alien to the Macedonian Bulgarians of Pirin and Belomorje.

Who needed the linguistic separation and the creation of the Macedonian language?

Since in all cases (in the communist region) of linguistic separation the strategy of implementation was the same or similar, the question arises whether this also has an impact on the functioning of this mechanism. Not only the languages were “split”, but also the history and the peoples. Since in none of these cases was the will of the people sought, it is not clear what meaning the main actors saw for themselves, their state, and their policies. The contradictions and inconsistencies in the policies of the KGB and the Bulgarian government in this regard persist.

They adhered to the view imposed in the 1930s by the Yugoslav Communist Party, the Soviet leadership, and the Comintern that there was a “Macedonian nation” and that a “Macedonian language” had to be created. They did not have clear, unified positions on the main issues raised by this view.

The complete solution of the Macedonian question is seen in a distant perspective and associated with the support of the Soviet Union and the “victory of socialism” in the Balkan Peninsula. Within the Soviet Union, Ukraine and Belarus were to be Russified, while the Turkic-speaking peoples were to be divided into as small parts as possible. In Yugoslavia, on the other hand, linguistic and cultural assimilation was carried out in the Serbian direction. It is characteristic of Serbian policy that no such attempt at analogous linguistic demarcation was made vis-à-vis the Yugoslav Albanians and Turks – they were simply deprived of all possible rights, were not considered a people at all, but a “minority” in the worst sense of the word, even if they dominated in certain areas.

For the sake of historical truth, it should be pointed out that this assimilation experience did not begin only in socialist Yugoslavia, i.e. after 1944, but already in the USSR and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. However, their practical implementation took place only with the successful socialist means after 1944. In 1949, Yugoslav leader Josip Broz Tito bluntly declared that the existence of the “Macedonian people, was possible only in Yugoslavia and in no other combination.”

However, the Bulgarian press reported countless facts of violence against the “Macedonian population” in Vardar Macedonia by the regime of Tito and Lazar Kolishevsky, of “Gestapo terror” against pro-Bulgarian citizens, of the introduction of the artificial literary “Macedonian language”, of incitement to hostility against the Bulgarian people, of efforts to worsen relations between Macedonia and Bulgaria.

The people of Macedonia should reflect on their identity, which has been based on a diffuse sense of Yugoslav belonging since 1944. Any criticism of the new Macedonian language is perceived as a blow against the Yugoslav state. The issue thus becomes one of coming to terms with the past, as the historical lies and falsifications show their effect on the younger generation, which is now paying the toll of national nihilism. However, the generation of that time could not identify with Serbia. The beginnings of a new identity cannot be denied. An example of this is the complete separation of the Macedonian from the Serbian Orthodox Church in 1967 (although this was never recognized by the Serbian Church).

Macedonia language – the development

In these materials one can find self-confessions of members of the Commission for Macedonian Spelling. These were not made by any people, but by the compilers of the Macedonian language themselves. They show that there was no Macedonian nation after the Second World War and that it had yet to be created. Likewise, that the Macedonian nation was the work of Marshal Tito, the communist party and the political conjuncture, which was mainly directed by Serbia.

Also that people were afraid of “other places” and of the Federation, so as not to make political mistakes; that centuries-old traditions were broken with the introduction of the Serbian alphabet and the abolition of the letters necessary for writing, that a “language” without any literature was invented in a rush, that the rules were arbitrarily established and the teachers had little knowledge.

Quotations from various sources relevant to the topic: “Macedonia Language”:

But thanks to the Communist Party, which in this gigantic struggle was the first to raise the flag for the fight against the invaders and for the freedom of all enslaved peoples and also for the freedom of the Macedonian people, thanks to the troops of our far-sighted, dear Marshal Tito and, above all, thanks to our young Macedonian army, today we have our country. … Of course, in order to be cultural, a nation needs cultural development, and that cannot happen without writing, without an alphabet….

Therefore, today we need to lay the foundations for our writing and reading ability by introducing a Macedonian alphabet and language (written language). Therefore, in order to accomplish this task, we must be guided by the interests of our Macedonian people and, of course, include the interests of the entire community in which we find ourselves, the interests of a federal and democratic Yugoslavia. I would like to invite you to shout from this square: Long live the leader of a democratic and federal Yugoslavia, Marshal Tito…! Long live the Communist Party, which has made it possible for us to gather here today….

Subject: Macedonia language, quote from – Epaminonda Popandonov, Stenographic Notes, pp. 1-2

To these literary materials are added the political circumstances, which also clarify the question of the Macedonian language.

Topic: Macedonia language, quote from – R. Zografov, p. 7

We don’t have time to wait until this language is made. We are faced with the question of having a literary language, and we do not have time and cannot wait for this language to be made by poets, writers and journalists.

Topic: Macedonia language, quote from – Gjorge Kiselinov, p. 3

Our teachers will accompany the fifth to sixth grade. With untrained teachers, education will be very difficult.

Topic Macedonia language quote from – Krume Tosheski, p. 34

This is about pedagogy and about students. But it’s also about adults. These people will never learn these rules.

Topic: Macedonia language, quote from – Risto Prodanov, p. 50

Macedonian language is the mother of all Slavic languages, more precisely, of all literary Slavic languages.

Topic: Macedonia language, quote from – Görge Kisselinov, p. 4-6.

After 37 years, some of the members of the Commission for the Creation of a “Literary Macedonian Language” came to the conclusion that the activity of the Commission was not scientific, but distortive, anti-Bulgarian and political, and that a “new language” could not be created:

Composers who offer their own sick idea of history are beyond all scientific categories. The falsifiers of history in the so-called “History of the Macedonian People” are exactly such compilers.

Topic: Macedonian language, quote from – Venko Markovski, “The blood does not turn into water”, p. 1981, p. 191

Blaže Koneski artificially creates the serious appearance of a man of conviction who fulfills the function of a scholar. The way he justifies the right to new appearances in language confirms our doubt that Blažek Koneski himself does not believe that what he is doing is real science…. A man with ambitions that he already defines the appearance of a new language. Such a person does not let the scientists accuse him of not knowing what he reports.

Topic: Macedonia language, quote from – V. Markowski, ibid, p. 209

Macedonian language – Macedonia language

Macedonization of the Bulgarian population in Macedonia had its peak during the Yugoslav period. Tito, supported by Russia, tries to crush everything Bulgarian, leaving no stone unturned, and even the Bulgarian priests are killed or, at best, expelled from Macedonia. The citizens of Yugoslavia who dare to call themselves Bulgarians are mistreated by the police, they receive neither work nor social benefits. After the fall of the regime, it became clear that one of the instruments for Macedonization was the concentration camps, which were kept secret during the communist era. Some of the concentration camps in Yugoslavia that were used for nation engineering are known as Gerovo and Goli Otok.

Many years after the breakup of Yugoslavia, the work of the Serbs and Russians in connection with this “nation engineering” is still not known. No one talks about the concentration camps or the secret police UDBA, which was responsible for mass murders, kidnappings, torture, rape and systematic terror. Scholars still believe in the purely independent and natural origin of the Macedonian language, even though there are no books written in this form before 1945. Even when people from Macedonia understand the Bulgarian language and vice versa, government scholars and politicians are still on autopilot trying to explain that the Macedonian language has little in common with the Bulgarian language and the people are completely different.

Is there a future for the Macedonian language as a unique language, which is the origin of all Slavic languages, or for the Macedonian language as a dialect of the Bulgarian language? What will happen to the Macedonian language if the Macedonian people decide to turn away from the communist legacy? What will happen to the Macedonian language as a pillar of Macedonian identity when the truth about its origins becomes known publicly also in Macedonia? Macedonia language?

† Macedonia language †

FAQ about the Macedonian language

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